Gaviidae

The family Gaviidae, commonly known as loons, comprises five species of diving birds belonging to the genus Gavia. These birds are characterized by their strong, tapered bills, small pointed wings, and legs set far back on their bodies, which makes walking awkward but aids in their powerful underwater swimming and diving capabilities. Loons possess thick plumage, typically black or gray above and white below, with breeding plumage often featuring white markings.1

Loons are almost entirely aquatic and can dive to depths of up to 60 meters (200 feet) by compressing air in their lungs and air sacs. They primarily feed on fish, crustaceans, and insects. Their distinctive calls, including guttural sounds and mournful wails, are a notable characteristic. Loons build nests from vegetation at the water's edge, laying two to three eggs. While strong fliers, most species require open water for takeoff, limiting them to large lakes.1