Clupeoidei

The suborder Clupeoidei encompasses most small marine fishes, typically under 30 cm (12 inches) long. These fish are generally streamlined and found in abundant schools, often in coastal or open waters. Key members of this group include herrings, sardines, and anchovies, which are of significant economic importance due to their large populations.1

While classifications vary, the order Clupeiformes primarily includes families like Clupeidae (herrings, sardines) and Engraulidae (anchovies). These fish predominantly feed on plankton, with feeding habits often changing seasonally. Some species, like the Pacific sardine and Atlantic herring, are widespread and highly migratory, contributing to their abundance and economic value. Tropical waters host a greater diversity of species, while temperate regions often feature more abundant but less diverse populations.12