Carausius

, the stick insect Carausius) rarely produce males, and the eggs develop without fertilization in a process known as parthenogenesis. During summer months in temperate latitudes, aphids occur only as parthenogenetic females in which embryos develop within the mother (viviparity). In certain gall midges (Diptera) oocytes start developing

Stick insects (Carausius) can change their colour to match that of the background by moving pigment granules in their epidermal cells. Some caterpillars also have patterns that develop in response to a background, although these are irreversible. Insects such as caterpillars, which rely on cryptic coloration, often…