Anotophysi

The superorder Ostariophysi encompasses approximately 8,000 species of bony fishes, representing the majority of freshwater fish globally. This group includes well-known fish such as minnows, suckers, carps, piranhas, electric eels, and various catfishes.1

Ostariophysans are divided into two series based on the presence or absence of the Weberian apparatus, a unique structure that enhances hearing by connecting the swim bladder to the inner ear. The series Anotophysi lacks a true Weberian apparatus and includes the order Gonorynchiformes. The series Otophysi possesses a true Weberian apparatus and comprises the orders Cypriniformes, Characiformes, Gymnotiformes, and Siluriformes. Many ostariophysans exhibit fascinating behaviors like nest building, oral incubation, and air breathing.123