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African penguin, (Spheniscus demersus), species of penguin (order Sphenisciformes) characterized by a single band of black feathers cutting across the breast and a circle of featherless skin that completely surrounds each eye. The bird is so named because it inhabits several locations along the coasts of Namibia and South Africa. Since the middle of the 20th century, African penguin populations have undergone significant declines, making them one of the world’s most endangered penguin species. African...