Who built the Pyramids of Giza?
Learn about the people who built the Pyramids of Giza.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
-
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.The time when “terror [was] the order of the day.”
-
Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, MainzLearn about German businessman John Rabe and his efforts to protect residents of Nanjing (Nanking), China, after the city was seized by the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
-
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.On December 16, 1773, American patriots dumped 342 chests of black tea off British boats into Boston Harbor.
-
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.Learn more about the Seven Wonders of the World.
-
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.Hieroglyphics weren't the only form of ancient Egyptian writing—just the first.Media Editors: Meg Matthias , Lauren Sims
-
Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, MainzLearn how Cleopatra used her influence over Julius Caesar to stay in power.
-
Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Rogers Fund, 1930 (30.4.157)Learn about the Osiris Shaft, a symbolic tomb of the god Osiris that is near the pyramid of Khafre, near Giza, Egypt.
Transcript
From the very beginning of the Old Kingdom, about 2649 BCE, pyramids started to become part of Egyptian life.
Egyptian pyramids were essentially massive royal tombs that could reach over 300 feet tall.
But who actually built these architectural wonders?
For a long time, popular belief concluded that enslaved people built the pyramids, in particular the Pyramids of Giza.
Writing by the ancient Greek historian Herodotus, misinterpretations of the biblical book of Exodus, and Hollywood films have all contributed to the idea.
But in reality, most archaeologists and historians today think that paid laborers, not enslaved people, built the Pyramids of Giza.
A few archeological findings support this theory.
Deceased builders were buried in a place of honor: tombs close to the pyramids themselves, furnished with supplies for the afterlife.
It’s unlikely that enslaved workers would either be buried in close proximity to pharaohs or be prepared for burial with such care.
Archaeologists have also discovered the remains of communities on the Giza plateau where large gallery-style buildings are thought to have served as barracks for rotating groups of builders.
The setting is thought to have resembled something like feudal Europe, where regular people rendered service to a lord in exchange for land, financial support, and protection.
Like working on a farm under feudalism, constructing pyramids in ancient Egypt was likely just a typical job.