Know how the money created by governments outside the banking system prevent a global financial meltdown

The History of Money in Ten Minutes. Number Eight: Money and Saving the Banks. To understand how governments tried to prevent global financial meltdown after 2008, economists distinguish between two kinds of money-- money created by banks inside the banking system and money created by governments outside the banking system.

When a bank creates money by making a new loan, the bank acquires a new private asset, the loan, with an equivalent private liability to the borrower to pay it. This is money created inside the banking system. Governments can create money by selling new bonds. These bonds go into circulation as new private assets, but there is no equivalent private liability to pay them. Instead, this outside money is added to the public debt.

Although it's normally a very small percentage of total money in the economy, it was this outside money that was used to buy up the bank's bad private debts and write them off. The private sector retained its wealth with new assets inside the system, supported by government with public debt from outside the system.