How states of matter transform: Solid, liquid, and gas

Matter exists in several different forms, called states. The three most familiar states are solid, liquid, and gas. All matter is made up of tiny particles called molecules. The molecules that make up a solid are arranged in regular, repeating patterns. [PR1]Attractive forces between the molecules hold them firmly in place. However, the molecules can vibrate, or move slightly. The molecules that make up a liquid flow easily around one another. Attractive forces between the molecules keep them from flying apart. Liquids take on the shape of their containers. The molecules that make up a gas fly in all directions at great speeds. Attractive forces between the molecules are not strong enough to hold them together. Increased energy, such as heat, can cause matter to change from one state to another as the increased energy makes the molecules in the matter move faster. For example, when water in the solid form of ice is heated, its molecules move faster and farther apart. Eventually the ice will melt into liquid water. When liquid water is heated to a high enough temperature, its molecules move fast enough to break loose and fly into the air to form a vapor, or gas. Cooling temperatures reverse the process.