Note how the Viet Minh's guerrilla tactics confined French troops to the cities in the First Indochina War

Note how the Viet Minh's guerrilla tactics confined French troops to the cities in the First Indochina War

From 1946 to 1954, the communist Viet Minh battled the French in what is often called the First Indochina War. From Vietnam Perspective (1985), a documentary by Encyclopædia Britannica Educational Corporation.
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Transcript

NARRATOR: By early 1946, all Allied forces had withdrawn from Indochina, leaving France to oppose Ho Chi Minh's new government in Hanoi. On December 19, 1946, the first Indochina war began.

For the next eight years the war raged on. The Viet Minh, who had retreated into the jungles to conduct a hit-and-run guerrilla war, controlled the villages and hamlets of the rural countryside. The French controlled the cities and major towns.