Economic Boom and Disparity During Germany's Founders' Era
Learn about Germany's economic boom in 1870–71.
Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © clu-DigitalVision Vectors/Getty Images; © Hunterbliss/Dreamstime.com
-
Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © Heritage Pictures/Dreamstime.comFrancisco Pizarro, who arrived in Peru to find the legendary lost city of gold, El Dorado, overthrew the wealthy Inca empire and inaugurated Spanish rule there.
-
Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © Markwaters/Dreamstime.com; © Leklek73/Dreamstime.comLearn about Helmut Kohl's political career, including his role in the reunification of Germany.
-
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.Overview of the siege of the Alamo.
-
Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-1990-0927-501/Photographer: Krämer (CC BY-SA 3.0)Learn about the millions of refugees who migrated to Germany from the country's former eastern territories after World War II.
-
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.Learn more about life on the plains with the photography of Frank Sadorus.
-
Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © Satori13/Dreamstime.comLearn about how Joseph Goebbels's use of propaganda and terror aided Adolf Hitler's campaign for chancellor.
-
© Open University (A Britannica Publishing Partner)Learn how English designer William Morris and his friends started the Arts and Crafts movement as a response to what they saw as falling standards of style, craftsmanship, and taste resulting from mechanized mass production.
Transcript
The Gründerzeit, or founders' era is closely associated with the years 1870-71, when Germany emerged victorious from the Franco-Prussian War and received war reparations payments from France. They triggered a veritable economic boom in Germany in the following years. Huge factories were built and turned out more goods at an ever faster pace. Industrialization progressed and the bourgeoisie gained ever more influence. Widespread railway construction also boosted the economy, making mass production and the efficient distribution of goods possible. In addition to this, the demand for coal and steel grew. The founders' era also saw a rise in the importance of ship building, particularly for the German naval fleet.
Modern warships continually got faster, their plating more resilient and their guns ever more powerful. All the major military nations strived to gain a strong presence on the seas. At the time most Germans were ecstatic about the bolstered warship construction for the German naval fleet.
In the course of industrialization housing became scarce. More and more families moved from the countryside to the cities for work. Due to the great demand, housing prices ballooned to virtually unfathomable levels. As a consequence many people were forced to band together, sharing rents and living space. They lived together in very cramped conditions and had neither water nor waste water pipes, even heating was a rare luxury. People cooked, worked and bathed in one single room. And, as if that wasn't enough, beds were even sometimes let out in shifts. These paying nightly visitors were called night lodgers. They were people who couldn't afford to pay a share of permanent rent and who only had enough money to hire a bed for a few hours. That was the flip side of the founders' era boom.
Industrialists, on the other hand, lived in completely different conditions. The economic boom brought them great wealth. An example: the Krupp family villa. Alfred Krupp designed train wheels and made a fortune. He later built munitions and became the biggest armaments producer in Europe. Industrial dynasties like the Krupps were among the winners of the founders' era.