Explore the question Does the universe have a purpose? with Neil deGrasse Tyson
Astronomer Neil deGrasse Tyson exploring the question of whether the universe has a purpose.
© MinutePhysics (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
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© MinutePhysics (A Britannica Publishing Partner)Astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson narrating a brief history of the universe, from the big bang to the present.
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Transcript
Does the universe have a purpose? I'm not sure. But anyone who expresses a more definitive response to the question is claiming access to knowledge not based in empirical foundations. This remarkably persistent way of thinking common to most religions and some branches of philosophy has failed badly in past efforts to understand and thereby predict the operations of the universe and our place within it.
To assert that the universe has a purpose implies a desired outcome. But who would do the desiring, and what would a desired outcome be? That carbon based life is inevitable, or that sentient primates are life's neurological pinnacle? Of course, humans were not around to ask these questions for 99.9999% of cosmic history. So if the purpose of the universe was to create humans, then the cosmos was embarrassingly inefficient about it.
And if a further purpose of the universe was to create a fertile cradle for life, then our cosmic environment has got an odd way of showing it. Life on Earth during more than 3 and 1/2 billion years of existence has been persistently assaulted by natural sources of mayhem, death, and destruction. Ecological devastation exacted by volcanoes, climate change, earthquakes, tsunamis, storms, and especially killer asteroids have left extinct 99.9% of all species that have ever lived here.
How about human life itself? If you're religious, you might declare that the purpose of life is to serve God. But if you're one of the 100 billion bacteria living and working in a single centimeter of your lower intestine, you might instead say that the purpose of human life is to provide you with a dark but idyllic anaerobic habitat of fecal matter.
So in the absence of human hubris, the universe looks more and more random. Whenever events that are purported to occur in our best interest are as numerous as other events that would just as soon kill us, then intent is hard, if not impossible, to assert. So while I cannot claim to know for sure whether or not the universe has a purpose, the case against it is strong and visible to anyone who sees the universe as it is rather than as they wish it to be. I'm Neil deGrasse Tyson.
To assert that the universe has a purpose implies a desired outcome. But who would do the desiring, and what would a desired outcome be? That carbon based life is inevitable, or that sentient primates are life's neurological pinnacle? Of course, humans were not around to ask these questions for 99.9999% of cosmic history. So if the purpose of the universe was to create humans, then the cosmos was embarrassingly inefficient about it.
And if a further purpose of the universe was to create a fertile cradle for life, then our cosmic environment has got an odd way of showing it. Life on Earth during more than 3 and 1/2 billion years of existence has been persistently assaulted by natural sources of mayhem, death, and destruction. Ecological devastation exacted by volcanoes, climate change, earthquakes, tsunamis, storms, and especially killer asteroids have left extinct 99.9% of all species that have ever lived here.
How about human life itself? If you're religious, you might declare that the purpose of life is to serve God. But if you're one of the 100 billion bacteria living and working in a single centimeter of your lower intestine, you might instead say that the purpose of human life is to provide you with a dark but idyllic anaerobic habitat of fecal matter.
So in the absence of human hubris, the universe looks more and more random. Whenever events that are purported to occur in our best interest are as numerous as other events that would just as soon kill us, then intent is hard, if not impossible, to assert. So while I cannot claim to know for sure whether or not the universe has a purpose, the case against it is strong and visible to anyone who sees the universe as it is rather than as they wish it to be. I'm Neil deGrasse Tyson.
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