Why were red cedar and redwood important materials for Northwest Coast Indian technology?

For the indigenous peoples of the Northwest Coast, red cedar and redwood were essential resources because they were easily worked and abundant in their environment. These trees provided the primary materials for a wide range of technological and artistic applications.1

The trunks of these trees could be split into planks or hollowed out to create essential items such as canoes, containers, and various household objects. Red cedar was particularly valued for its versatility; for example, boards could be kerfed—cut nearly through transversely—and steamed until flexible enough to be shaped into boxes.1

Beyond the wood itself, the inner bark of the red cedar was a vital material for weaving. It could be stripped into long, ribbonlike strands to create mats and baskets, or shredded into flexible hanks to produce rain capes and robes. These materials were fundamental to the region's development of sophisticated woodworking, weaving, and construction techniques, supporting both everyday utility and ceremonial life.1