Britannica Sources used in this answer

Why is Rosh Hashanah observed as a time of self-examination?

Created from Britannica articles using AI. AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.

Circular diagram of the Jewish religious year showing Hebrew months around the outer ring and Gregorian months inside, with major holidays and fasts such as Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Sukkot, Hanukkah, Passover, and Purim labeled with their dates. — Jewish religious year The months and holidays of the Jewish religious year.

Rosh Hashanah is observed as a time of self-examination because it inaugurates the Ten Days of Penitence—also known as the Days of Awe or High Holy Days—which culminate in Yom Kippur. According to Mishnaic teaching, this period marks the beginning of the Days of Judgment for all of humanity, making it an especially appropriate time for introspection and repentance.123

During this season, the shofar is sounded in the synagogue to serve as a call for spiritual reawakening. The liturgy emphasizes God’s sovereignty and his readiness to forgive those who repent, while customs such as tashlikh—symbolically casting away sins—further encourage reflection on one's relationship with God. Throughout these ten days, Jews are encouraged to engage in prayer and a scrupulous observance of the Law as they prepare for the Day of Atonement.435