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Why is English widely used in science, technology, and international commerce?

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Global use of the English language — English language Map showing the use of English as a first language, as an important second language, and as an official language in countries around the world.

The widespread use of English in science, technology, and international commerce is primarily due to its status as the world's lingua franca.1

Historically, the global reach of the English language was seeded by colonization, which established its presence across various regions and institutions. In the modern era, this influence has expanded significantly through globalization and the rise of digital infrastructure.2

Today, English serves as the standard language for critical global fields, including:
* Technology: It is the primary language used in computer coding.1
* Education and Research: It is widely utilized in higher education and scientific research.31
* Commerce: It functions as a primary medium for international business.1

While English maintains this dominant global position, it is also frequently adapted into local varieties, a phenomenon known as World Englishes, as people integrate the language into their own cultural and national contexts.2