Why does nicotine raise heart rate and blood pressure?

Nicotine raises heart rate and blood pressure primarily by acting as a stimulant on the nervous system. When nicotine enters the body, it binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain and peripheral nerves.12

This binding triggers the release of several neurotransmitters, most notably norepinephrine. The release of norepinephrine and other signaling chemicals stimulates the body, leading to an increased heart rate. Additionally, nicotine causes the constriction of blood vessels, which directly results in higher blood pressure. These combined effects place significant extra stress on the heart and the entire circulatory system.123