Why do preventable and neglected tropical diseases remain widespread in some parts of the world?

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) remain widespread primarily due to the profound socioeconomic and structural challenges facing the regions where they are endemic. These diseases disproportionately affect poor, marginalized, and rural populations, where the lack of poverty alleviation, clean water, and adequate sanitation infrastructure creates environments that facilitate the transmission of pathogens.12

The persistence of these diseases is driven by several critical factors:

• Resource Limitations: Many affected areas lack the monetary and administrative resources necessary to maintain basic public health services or ensure access to medical care.12
• Social and Cultural Factors: In some regions, limited local education regarding disease transmission and cultural practices—such as living in close proximity to livestock—increase the risk of infection.12
• Limited Visibility: Historically, these diseases have suffered from low international visibility, which has hindered research funding and the development of accessible treatments.1
• Biological Challenges: The emergence of drug-resistant strains of parasites, such as those causing malaria and sleeping sickness, complicates treatment and eradication efforts.2

Addressing these inequities is a moral imperative, as access to healthcare and a healthy environment are fundamental human rights. While challenges remain, international efforts such as mass drug administration, vector control, and improvements in hygiene have proven effective in reducing the burden of these diseases.1