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Why did the framers of the United States Constitution establish a federal system of government?

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Venn diagram illustrating the division of powers under U.S. federalism, with the left circle listing national government powers, the right circle listing state government powers, and the overlapping center showing concurrent powers shared by both. — federalism A Venn diagram showing government powers under U.S. federalism.

The framers of the United States Constitution established a federal system to balance the need for a strong national government with the desire to preserve states' rights and individual liberties. This system divides power between a central government and individual states, with each level having its own defined responsibilities. The experience under the Articles of Confederation, which granted too much power to the states and resulted in governmental ineffectiveness, highlighted the need for a stronger federal structure. However, concerns about centralized authority, similar to British rule, led to the inclusion of checks and balances and the eventual addition of a Bill of Rights to safeguard against potential government overreach. This federal arrangement aimed to prevent the concentration of power and protect diverse interests within the new nation.123456