Why did the ancient Romans persecute early Christians?

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Ruins of the Roman Temple of Diana in Evora, Portugal, featuring tall stone columns on a raised stone platform, with historic buildings in the background. — Roman religion Roman temple, known as the Temple of Diana, in Évora, Portugal.

Ancient Romans persecuted early Christians primarily because Christians refused to participate in the imperial cult and worship Roman gods. This refusal was seen as disloyalty and a threat to the stability of the empire, as Roman religion was deeply intertwined with civic duty and the well-being of the state. Christians were also accused of atheism for denying the existence of Roman deities and of secretive, immoral practices due to their exclusive gatherings and unique rituals, such as the Lord's Supper. Early persecutions were often sporadic, but they intensified during times of crisis when Christians were blamed for divine displeasure.12