Why did the Liberal government become a minority government after the 2019 federal election?

In the 2019 Canadian federal election, the Liberal Party of Canada, led by Justin Trudeau, retained power but was reduced to a minority government because it failed to secure a majority of seats in the House of Commons.12

The Liberals won 157 seats, which was 13 seats short of the 170 required for a majority and 27 seats fewer than they had won in the 2015 election. Several factors contributed to this outcome:1

• Scandals: The party faced political damage from the SNC-Lavalin affair and a controversy involving photos and a video of Trudeau wearing "brownface" and "blackface," which critics argued undermined his reputation as a champion of inclusivity.12
• Electoral Performance: While the Conservatives narrowly won the popular vote, the Liberals secured enough seats through the first-past-the-post system to remain in power.12
• Opposition Gains: The Bloc Québécois saw a significant resurgence, particularly in Quebec, where it trounced the New Democratic Party (NDP), effectively limiting the Liberals' ability to sweep seats in that province.12