Why did the Beer Hall Putsch fail?

The Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923 failed primarily due to the quick reaction of the authorities and the lack of sustained support from the officials Hitler attempted to coerce.1

After initially forcing Bavarian leaders—Gustav von Kahr, Otto von Lossow, and Hans Ritter von Seisser—to support his proclamation of a national revolution at the Bürgerbräukeller, Hitler allowed them to leave. Once free, these officials immediately disowned the coup and took energetic measures to suppress it.1

When Hitler and General Erich Ludendorff led an armed procession of approximately 3,000 Nazi Party members toward the center of Munich on November 9, they were met by a police cordon. The police fired on the marchers, killing several participants and ending the insurrection. Faced with the government's willingness to use force, the rebels abandoned the operation.21

Ultimately, the coup failed because of the rebels' miscalculations and the government's decision to counteract the uprising forcibly. Following the failure, Adolf Hitler was arrested and later used his trial to gain national publicity, ultimately deciding to pursue power through legal means rather than armed insurrection.3124