Why did Socrates say that he knew nothing?

Socrates’ claim that he knew nothing is a central component of his philosophical method and his pursuit of wisdom. In Plato’s Apology, Socrates explains that he is wisest only in the sense that he recognizes his own ignorance, whereas others falsely believe they possess knowledge they do not actually have.123

This profession of ignorance is not a total suspension of judgment, but rather a tool used within the Socratic method. By positioning himself as an "ignorant inquirer," Socrates cross-examines those who claim to be experts on subjects like virtue or piety. Through this process, he demonstrates that their definitions are inconsistent or inadequate, thereby revealing their lack of true understanding.12

Ultimately, Socrates views this recognition of ignorance as the necessary starting point for human wisdom. He believes that the unexamined life is not worth living and that the pursuit of knowledge is essential for living well, even if he remains painfully aware that many profound ethical questions remain unanswered.1