Why did Mussolini name his movement after the Roman fasces?
Benito Mussolini adopted the fasces as the emblem for his movement to symbolize the Italian people united and obedient to the single authority of the state.12
In ancient Rome, the fascesāa bundle of elm or birch rods tied together with a red strap, often featuring a projecting ax headāserved as the insignia of official authority carried by lictors to accompany magistrates. Mussolini drew upon this historical imagery when he established the fasci di combattimento ("fighting bands") in 1919. He intended the name and the symbol to represent groups of individuals bound together by ties as close and inseparable as the rods that secured the lictors' fasces, thereby evoking the power and discipline of the Roman state.324
While the term fascio (plural fasci) literally means "bundle" and figuratively "group" in Italian, and had been used by various labor and political organizations since the late 19th century, Mussoliniās regime specifically utilized the Roman association to promote a philosophy of centralized, autocratic control and national unity.124