Why did Marx predict that the proletariat would seize the means of production?

Karl Marx predicted that the proletariat would seize the means of production because he viewed history as a series of inevitable class struggles driven by material and economic conditions.12

In Marx’s analysis, capitalism is a historically necessary stage that creates internal "contradictions". While the bourgeoisie own the means of production and exploit the working class to amass wealth, this system simultaneously develops the productive forces and concentrates the proletariat in industrial settings. Marx argued that this process forces workers to recognize their shared oppression and common interests.312

Ultimately, Marx believed the bourgeoisie produces its own "grave-diggers". As capitalism experiences crises and competition, the proletariat becomes increasingly conscious of their exploitation and alienation. This awareness leads them to revolt, overthrow the ruling class, and seize control of the factories, mines, and other means of production to resolve the contradictions of the capitalist system, eventually establishing a society free from class divisions.432