Why did Locke believe people create a commonwealth?

In John Locke’s political philosophy, individuals create a commonwealth to escape the inconveniences of the state of nature. While Locke viewed the state of nature as a condition where humans are free and equal under the law of nature, it lacks an impartial authority to resolve conflicts.123

Because every individual in the state of nature has the right to enforce the law of nature and punish offenders, Locke argued that this arrangement often leads to injustice, bias, and violence. To remedy this, people enter into a social contract by common consent to establish a civil government. The primary purpose of this commonwealth is to provide an impartial power capable of arbitrating disputes, redressing injuries, and protecting the natural rights of each person—specifically their life, liberty, and property. By forming a government, citizens create a framework where laws can be enforced for the public good, ensuring a level of security and order that is difficult to guarantee in the state of nature.134256