Why did John Dewey believe education was important for democracy?

For John Dewey, a central figure in pragmatism, education was the essential foundation of a functioning democracy. He viewed democracy not merely as a system of government, but as a "mode of associated life" requiring citizens to solve common problems through critical inquiry, cooperation, and mutual respect.1

Dewey believed that the habits necessary for democratic participation—such as inquisitive thinking, a spirit of public-spiritedness, and the desire to achieve the common good—are not innate and must be cultivated from a young age. Consequently, he famously referred to public schools as the "church of democracy," viewing them as the primary institutions responsible for preparing individuals to engage in the informed dialogue and rational problem-solving required for a healthy society. By fostering these skills, education empowers citizens to make responsible decisions regarding public affairs, ultimately ensuring that a democratic society of informed inquirers remains the most effective means of promoting human interests.123