Why did Charles X lose the French throne in the July Revolution of 1830?

Charles X lost the French throne in the July Revolution of 1830 primarily due to his failure to reconcile the tradition of monarchy by divine right with the democratic spirit of the era. His downfall was precipitated by a series of reactionary policies and a stubborn refusal to acknowledge public opinion.12

The crisis reached a breaking point when Charles appointed the unpopular, ultra-reactionary Jules de Polignac to lead his government. After the liberal opposition won a majority in the Chamber of Deputies in 1830, Charles responded by issuing the July Ordinances on July 26. These repressive decrees dissolved the newly elected Chamber, restricted the press, and further limited the already narrow suffrage.12

These actions provoked an immediate insurrection in Paris. While the king remained detached—naively ignoring the severity of the situation and leaving the capital to go hunting—protests escalated into a full-scale revolution. By the time Charles attempted to dismiss Polignac and annul the ordinances, it was too late. He abdicated on August 2, 1830, and Louis-Philippe was subsequently proclaimed king.134