Why did African American leaders in Harlem want their own National Guard regiment?

African American leaders in Harlem advocated for the creation of their own National Guard regiment as a means to secure a homegrown military unit, a goal they pursued for years despite opposition from white politicians.1

This push for a dedicated unit was rooted in the broader struggle for equality and the desire to challenge prevailing narratives of racial inferiority. Historically, leaders believed that if African American soldiers could demonstrate their courage and capability in battle, such success would decisively undermine racist charges of inferiority. By establishing a formal military presence, these leaders sought to create opportunities for African Americans to serve their country and gain recognition, ultimately aiming to prove their worth and demand the respect and equality they were denied in civilian life.21