Why can a logical argument remain valid even when its premises are false?

In the philosophy of logic, a logical argument is considered valid if its structure guarantees that the conclusion must be true whenever the premises are true.12

The validity of an argument depends entirely on its logical form rather than the actual truth or falsity of the statements involved. Because validity is a structural property, an argument can be valid even if its premises are false; in such cases, the argument remains valid because it would be impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false simultaneously.3

It is important to distinguish between validity and soundness. An argument is only considered sound if it is valid and its premises are factually true. While logicians focus on the formal correctness of the inference—ensuring the conclusion follows from the premises—the determination of whether those premises are true is typically the task of other disciplines or empirical observation. Thus, validity is a measure of the internal consistency of the reasoning process, independent of the material truth of the claims being made.3