Why are some cereal grains polished during processing?

Cereal grains are polished during processing primarily to remove the outer bran layers and the germ, leaving behind the starchy endosperm. This process is performed to render the grain into a more attractive foodstuff that is easier to cook and consume. In the case of rice, polishing may also involve the application of a coating of glucose and talc to provide the kernel with a glossy, aesthetically pleasing finish.12

While polishing creates a refined product with a specific texture and appearance, it significantly alters the nutritional profile of the grain. The bran and germ contain essential nutrients, including B vitamins and dietary fibre. Consequently, when grains like rice are polished to produce white rice, they lose much of their original nutritional value, which can lead to health risks such as beriberi if the diet is not otherwise balanced. To mitigate these losses, some countries mandate the artificial enrichment of refined grains with vitamins and minerals.32