Who were Zigong, Zilu, and Yan Hui?

Zigong, Zilu, and Yan Hui were three of the earliest and most prominent disciples of Confucius. They were among the followers who accompanied him during his 14-year journey into exile as he sought rulers willing to adopt his vision of virtuous government.1

• Zigong: Originally a merchant, he was known for being articulate, shrewd, and quick-witted. Confucius recognized his potential as a diplomat or financial manager and valued him as someone with whom he could discuss poetry, ritual, and the world.1
• Zilu: Described as a rustic and rough man, Zilu was deeply loyal and brave, willing to protect his master from any harm. While Confucius appreciated his reliability and courage, he often cautioned Zilu that bravery without a love for learning and thoughtful judgment could lead to misguided actions.1
• Yan Hui: Coming from a poor family, Yan Hui was Confucius’s favorite disciple. He was noted for his unwavering dedication to learning and his ability to remain content despite living in poverty. Confucius was profoundly grieved by his early death.1