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Who issues or validates a certificate of airworthiness for an internationally operated aircraft?

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Under the 1944 Chicago Convention, every aircraft engaged in international navigation must be provided with a certificate of airworthiness that is either issued or rendered valid by the state in which the aircraft is registered.1

This requirement ensures that there is a specific state answerable for the aircraft, as the principle of nationality dictates that an aircraft must be registered in only one state to benefit from the privileges conferred by the convention.1