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Who introduced the STEM acronym in 2001?

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The STEM acronym was introduced in 2001 by scientific administrators at the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF).1

While the organization previously used the acronym SMET, it was American biologist Judith Ramaley—who served as the assistant director of education and human resources at the NSF at the time—who rearranged the terms to create the now-standard STEM acronym.1