Who deciphered the early Turkic inscriptions in 1893?

The early Turkic inscriptions, which include the Orhon inscriptions, were deciphered in 1893 by the Danish philologist Vilhelm Thomsen.12

These inscriptions, found in regions such as Mongolia and Siberia, were carved in a script that Thomsen identified as "Turkish runes" due to their visual resemblance to Germanic runic alphabets, though the similarity is considered coincidental. The decipherment of these texts provided significant historical insight into the Turkic peoples and the nomadic culture of the 8th-century Turk dynasty.132