Which two major schools of thought dominated philosophical debates during the 17th and 18th centuries?

The two major schools of thought that dominated philosophical debates during the 17th and 18th centuries were empiricism and rationalism.1

• Empiricism is the doctrine that all concepts originate in experience and that all rationally acceptable beliefs must be justified or known through sense experience. Key figures associated with this tradition include Francis Bacon, John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume.125
• Rationalism is the view that reason or the intellect is the primary source and test of knowledge. Rationalists argue that reality possesses an inherently logical structure and that the intellect can grasp certain truths directly, independent of sense perception. Prominent rationalist philosophers include René Descartes, Benedict de Spinoza, and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.1234

The rivalry between these two schools defined the philosophical controversies of the era and remained largely unresolved until the emergence of Immanuel Kant’s transcendental idealism.15