Which qualifications can students earn through higher education?

In higher education, students can earn a variety of academic qualifications that signify the completion of a course of study or a specific level of achievement. These degrees generally follow a hierarchical structure that varies by country and institution.1

Common Academic Qualifications

• Associate Degree: Typically awarded by community or junior colleges in the United States after two years of study.12
• Bachelor’s Degree: Often considered the primary undergraduate qualification, this degree usually requires three to six years of study. Common types include the Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) and Bachelor of Science (B.S.). In some regions, such as the United Kingdom, students may earn an honours degree, which represents a higher academic standard.31
• Master’s Degree: An intermediate postgraduate qualification pursued after a bachelor’s degree, typically involving one to two years of additional coursework or research.14
• Doctorate: Generally the highest academic title, awarded after a prolonged period of original research or advanced study. Examples include the Ph.D. and various professional doctorates.14

Additionally, universities may offer specialized postgraduate diplomas or certificates. Institutions also grant honorary degrees to recognize distinction, independent of formal academic requirements.51