Which natural rights did Hobbes believe individuals retained under a sovereign government?
In Thomas Hobbesās political philosophy, individuals do not retain a broad set of "natural rights" once they enter into a social contract and submit to a sovereign. In the state of nature, individuals possess a natural right to everything, including the right to self-preservation, which leads to a "war of every man against every man".1
By entering civil society, individuals agree to transfer their right of self-government to the sovereign in exchange for physical safety and security. Because this transfer is intended to provide protection, Hobbes argues that subjects retain the right to act in their own defense if the sovereign fails to protect their lives or if they feel their lives are directly threatened by the sovereignās rule. If the sovereign fails so utterly that subjects fear for their lives, their obligation to obey is dissolved, as the primary purpose of the contractāthe preservation of lifeāhas been violated.231
Additionally, subjects remain free to act as they please in areas where the sovereign has remained silent, meaning they retain liberty in all matters not regulated by the sovereign's laws.1