Which method is used most often to produce essential oils?

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Steam distillation is by far the most common and important method used to produce essential oils.1

While other techniques exist, they are often reserved for specific applications:
* Expression: This process is used exclusively for citrus oils, such as those from lemon or orange, by squeezing the outer peel.1
* Solvent extraction: Specialists may use volatile solvents like benzene or alcohol for plant materials that cannot be processed via steam distillation.1
* Enfleurage and maceration: These methods, which involve using fats to extract oils, are now considered to be chiefly of historical importance due to their high cost.1