Which languages developed from the Italic branch of Indo-European?

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Indo-European languages Approximate locations of Indo-European languages in contemporary Eurasia.

The Italic branch of the Indo-European language family historically includes several distinct languages spoken in the Apennine Peninsula and the Po valley. These ancient languages include Latin, Faliscan, Osco-Umbrian, South Picene, and Venetic.1

Among these, Latin is the most prominent and serves as the ancestor of the modern Romance languages. These languages developed from Vulgar Latin following the expansion of the Roman Empire and include:23

Italian
Spanish
French
Portuguese
Romanian
Catalan
Occitan
Sardinian
Dalmatian (extinct)
Rhaetian dialects3

While these languages are grouped together, some scholars suggest that the Italic branch may actually consist of independent Indo-European members—specifically Latin (with Faliscan), Osco-Umbrian (with South Picene), and Venetic—whose similarities arose from cultural convergence in the early 1st millennium BCE.1