Which languages contributed loanwords to Unangam Tunuu and Yupik?

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Unangam Tunuu and various Yupik languages have incorporated loanwords from several different sources due to historical contact and geographical proximity:

  • Unangam Tunuu: This language contains many borrowings from Russian, a result of the historical influence following the arrival of Russian fur hunters in the 18th century.1
  • Yupik:
    • Languages in former Russian Alaska have incorporated many borrowings from Russian.1
    • Siberian Eskimo languages have incorporated several loanwords from English and many from Chukchi, a Paleo-Siberian language.1

It is important to note that while these languages have adopted external vocabulary, they maintain a distinct linguistic identity within the Eskimo-Aleut languages family.23