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Which instruments accompanied music in Indigenous Tropical Forest communities?

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Map of South America and the Caribbean showing the distribution of Aboriginal cultural groups, with regions color-coded by cultural type including Andean, Central American, tropical forest, and various nomadic cultures such as aquatic nomads, forest hunters and gatherers, and shellfish gatherers. Major group names are labeled across the continent and surrounding islands. — South American forest Indian Distribution of aboriginal South American and circum-Caribbean cultural groups.

In Indigenous Tropical Forest communities of South America, music is primarily accompanied by a variety of percussion instruments and wind instruments.12

Key instruments used in these communities include:

Rattles: Many types of rattles are used to accompany music, including an unusually large calabash rattle utilized by the Warao people that requires both hands to play.1
Flutes: Various flutes are common, some of which are played in an interlocking style to perform melodies.1
Indigenous Percussion: Traditional instruments include slit drums, small single-headed drums, cup-shaped ceramic drums, double-headed drums (such as bombos), and a variety of scrapers and stamping tubes.2

These instruments are integral to diverse performance contexts, including shamanic curing rituals, dance ceremonies for rites of passage or seasonal observances, and house purification. While musical roles are often divided by gender, with men typically performing in collective rituals, the instruments themselves serve as essential components of the musical landscape in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins.1