Which institutions make laws for the European Union?

The legislative process of the European Union (EU) primarily involves two key institutions that work together to adopt legislation:

• European Parliament: This assembly, composed of members directly elected by citizens of EU member states, holds significant legislative powers. Through the codecision procedure, it adopts legislation in concert with the Council of the European Union.12
• Council of the European Union: Comprising ministerial representatives from each member country, this body is the EU's main decision-making institution. All community legislation requires the approval of the Council.2

Additionally, the European Commission plays a vital role in the legislative process by initiating and drafting new community legislation, which it then proposes to the Parliament and the Council. While the European Council defines the long-term political agenda for the EU, it is not a legislative body.32