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Which groups did ancient Egyptian ethical teachings say should be treated with kindness?

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Marble bust of Pythagoras, the ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher, showing a bearded man with a head covering and calm expression. — History of ethics Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras, portrait bust.

Ancient Egyptian ethical teachings, primarily found in lists of precepts intended for the ruling class, emphasized the importance of treating vulnerable members of society with kindness and compassion. Specifically, these texts instructed that:

Humble and lowly people must be treated with kindness.1
The hungry should be provided for by those who have bread.1
The blind and dwarfs should not be mocked or laughed at.1

Beyond these specific groups, the broader ethical framework encouraged rulers to act justly, judge impartially, and strive to make their people prosperous. These teachings were rooted in the concept of maat, which encompassed ideals of justice, truth, reciprocity, and moderation. While these precepts were often framed as practical advice for personal advancement or maintaining a good reputation, they also reflected a moral belief that caring for the less fortunate was inherently good.12