Which early writing systems were used to create historical records in Egypt and Mesopotamia?

In the context of ancient historiography, the earliest historical records in Egypt and Mesopotamia were created using systems of writing inscribed on materials such as stone and clay tablets.1

In Mesopotamia, the primary system was cuneiform. Originating in the late 4th millennium BCE, it evolved from pictographs used for accounting into a complex word-syllabic script. By pressing a stylus into soft clay, scribes created wedge-shaped marks that recorded everything from administrative ledgers to king lists and legal codes.21345

In Egypt, the system used was hieroglyphic writing. These symbols were applied to monumental contexts, such as temple walls and stelae, to document unique historical events like battles or royal achievements. Additionally, Egyptians utilized papyrus for longer texts and cylinder seals for administrative purposes. While Egypt did not utilize cuneiform as its native script, Akkadian cuneiform on clay tablets was frequently used as an international diplomatic medium during significant periods of Egyptian history.67