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Which chemicals in Psilocybe mexicana produce hallucinogenic effects?
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The hallucinogenic effects of Psilocybe mexicana are primarily produced by two active chemical compounds: psilocybin and psilocin.123
These substances are classified as indole hallucinogens. They function by altering the activity of serotoninâa neurotransmitter that regulates emotional states, sleep, and sexual desireâwithin brain tissue. Psilocybin and psilocin are closely related, with psilocybin distinguished by a phosphate group attached to its molecular structure.142
Due to their mind-altering properties, these compounds and the mushrooms containing them are subject to strict regulatory control in many jurisdictions.142