Which characteristics defined Hadad as a storm god?

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Hadad was a prominent West Semitic deity defined primarily by his role as a god of storms, thunder, and rain. His characteristics as a storm god included:12

  • Atmospheric Associations: He was fundamentally associated with meteorological phenomena, specifically rain, thunder, and lightning. Because these elements were essential for agriculture, he was also linked to fertility.2
  • Dual Nature: Hadad possessed a twofold aspect as both a provider and a destroyer. His rains were seen as life-giving, earning him the title "Lord of Abundance," while his storms and hurricanes were viewed as manifestations of anger that brought darkness and destruction.3
  • Iconography: He was typically represented as a bearded deity, often depicted wearing a horned headdress and carrying a club and a thunderbolt.1
  • Symbolic Animals: The bull was his primary symbolic animal, representing his power.13
  • Titles and Roles: As the chief baal ("lord") of the West Semites, he was sometimes identified as Baal-Shamen, or "Lord of the Heavens". His attributes were identical to those of the Mesopotamian weather god Adad.143