Which Indo-European languages are spoken in the Caucasus region?

Several Indo-European languages are spoken in the Caucasus region, distinct from the indigenous Caucasian languages. These languages were introduced to the area in historical times and include the following:

• Armenian: This language forms a separate, independent branch of the Indo-European language family and has the largest number of speakers among the Indo-European languages in the region.123
• Slavic languages: Russian and Ukrainian are spoken by a significant portion of the population, particularly in Ciscaucasia.2
• Indo-Iranian languages: Several languages belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European are present in the region, including:
  • Ossetic: Spoken primarily in central Georgia and North Ossetia.124
  • Kurdish: Spoken in scattered areas throughout Armenia and southern Georgia.124
  • Talysh: Spoken in the far southeastern part of Azerbaijan near the Caspian Sea.12
  • Tat: Spoken in northeastern Azerbaijan.12
• Greek: This language is spoken in certain parts of southern Georgia.1