Which Indigenous nations lived in earth-lodge villages on the Great Plains?

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Plains style — Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains Dancers at the Totah Festival Powwow performing the Northern Tradition dance, a dance inspired by Plains traditions, on September 1, 2007, in Farmington, New Mexico.

Many Indigenous nations on the Great Plains resided in semipermanent villages composed of earth lodges for most of the year. Among the most prominent of these groups were the Mandan, who traditionally lived in stockaded villages along the Missouri River in present-day North Dakota.12

The Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara tribes are particularly noted for this lifestyle and eventually became known as the Three Affiliated Tribes. These earth-lodge dwellings were typically dome-shaped, featured a circular floor plan, and were entered through a covered passage. While these village tribes used earth lodges for their primary residences, they also utilized tepees during other times of the year.21