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Where were the extinct Tocharian languages spoken?

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The extinct Tocharian languages were spoken in the Tarim Basin, located in the modern-day Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang, China, during the latter half of the 1st millennium CE.12

The two distinct languages within this group were distributed as follows:

  • Tocharian A (East Tocharian or Turfanian): Primarily associated with the area of Turfan in the east. It is believed that by the time of documentation, this may have functioned as a liturgical language preserved in Buddhist monasteries.12
  • Tocharian B (West Tocharian or Kuchean): Primarily associated with the region of Kucha in the west, though manuscripts in this language have also been discovered in the Turfan area. Unlike Tocharian A, Tocharian B appears to have been a living language at the time, as evidenced by the discovery of non-liturgical documents such as commercial records and medical texts.12