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Where was the oldest fossil evidence of Neanderthals and modern humans living in the same region found?
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Neanderthal
Artist's rendering of Homo neanderthalensis, who ranged from western Europe to Central Asia for some 100,000 years before dying out approximately 30,000 years ago.
The oldest fossil evidence of Neanderthals and early modern humans (H. sapiens) living in the same region is dated to approximately 55,000 years ago, based on a human skull discovered in a cave in the western Galilee region of Israel.12
While sites such as Tabūn, Skhūl, and Qafzeh in the Levant also provide evidence of these groups in the same general area, the record suggests an ecological separation where the two populations occupied the region at different times—Neanderthals during colder phases and early modern humans during warmer phases—rather than through direct temporal coexistence.314