Where in China do most Hmong-Mien speakers live?

In China, the majority of Hmong-Mien speakers are primarily concentrated in the provinces of Guizhou, Hunan, and Yunnan, as well as the Zhuang Autonomous Region of Guangxi.1

Smaller populations of these speakers also reside in Sichuan, Hubei, and Jiangxi provinces, and on the island of Hainan. While these groups are often associated with the Miao and Yao nationalities, it is important to note that not every member of these ethnic groups speaks a Hmong-Mien language. Overall, approximately six out of every seven speakers of Hmong-Mien languages live within China.1